娇妻借朋友高h繁交h,国产成人精品999在线观看,古代妓院做爰片120分钟,国产成人av

嚙齒動物的壽命相對較短，更容易快速繁殖，成本更低，具備可用的基因編輯技術(shù)，已經(jīng)建立完善的行為測試方法。然而，大多數(shù)嚙齒動物模型未能再現(xiàn)患者的明顯和典型性神經(jīng)退行性變。

斑馬魚擁有脊椎動物的神經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu)組織，主要結(jié)構(gòu)都與哺乳動物的大腦相似，具有與人類類似的功能性血腦屏障。斑馬魚生命周期短、繁殖力高，特別適合于大規(guī)模藥物篩選。

大腦發(fā)育、解剖結(jié)構(gòu)、認(rèn)知和行為復(fù)雜性方面與人更接近，大腦比小型動物要大得多并且具備皮質(zhì)表面的折疊，與人的基因相似性更大，病理發(fā)展更類似，具備疾病評估的可用性，但是動物繁殖周期長，價格昂貴，基因修飾技術(shù)不夠完善。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Wang JZ. Alzheimer-like tau phosphorylation induced by wortmannin in vivo and its attenuation by melatonin. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002 Feb;23(2):183-7.

[2] Wang DL, Ling ZQ, Cao FY, Zhu LQ, Wang JZ. Melatonin attenuates isoproterenol-induced protein kinase A overactivation and tau hyperphosphorylation in rat brain. J Pineal Res. 2004 Aug;37(1):11-6.

[3] Sun L, Wang X, Liu S, Wang Q, Wang J, Bennecib M, Gong CX, Sengupta A, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. Bilateral injection of isoproterenol into hippocampus induces Alzheimer-like hyperphosphorylation of tau and spatial memory deficit in rat. FEBS Lett. 2005 Jan 3;579(1):251-8.

[4] Benítez-King G, Ortíz-López L, Jiménez-Rubio G, Ramírez-Rodríguez G. Haloperidol causes cytoskeletal collapse in N1E-115 cells through tau hyperphosphorylation induced by oxidative stress: Implications for neurodevelopment. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Oct 10;644(1-3):24-31.

[5] Kumar A, Seghal N, Naidu PS, Padi SS, Goyal R. Colchicines-induced neurotoxicity as an animal model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type. Pharmacol Rep. 2007 May-Jun;59(3):274-83.

[6] Nakagawa Y, Nakamura S, Kas'e Y, Noguchi T, Ishihara T.Colchicine lesions in the rat hippocampus mimicthe alterations of several markers in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 1987;408(1-2):57-64.

[7] Araujo JA, Nobrega JN, Raymond R, Milgram NW. Aged dogs demonstrate both increased sensitivity to scopolamine impairment and decreased muscarinic receptor density. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011 Apr;98(2):203-9.